<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	>

<channel>
	<title>Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas from Turtle Reader</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.turtlereader.com/feed/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas_270-2008" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.turtlereader.com</link>
	<description>Slow and steady, page by page...</description>
	<pubDate>Sat, 22 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=2.6.3</generator>
	<language>en</language>
			<item>
		<title>Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas - Day 57 of 165</title>
		<link>http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/jules-verne/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-57-of-165/</link>
		<comments>http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/jules-verne/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-57-of-165/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 25 Jun 2007 16:27:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>TurtleReader</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Jules Verne]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.turtlereader.com/news/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-57-of-165/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
So Captain Dumont d&#8217;Urville had put to sea in command of a vessel
named after the Astrolabe, and just two months after Dillon had
left Vanikoro, Dumont d&#8217;Urville dropped anchor before Hobart.  There he
heard about Dillon&#8217;s findings, and he further learned that a
certain James Hobbs, chief officer on the Union out of Calcutta,
had put to shore [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='lastday'>
<p>So Captain Dumont d&#8217;Urville had put to sea in command of a vessel
named after the <i class="ship">Astrolabe</i>, and just two months after Dillon had
left Vanikoro, Dumont d&#8217;Urville dropped anchor before Hobart.  There he
heard about Dillon&#8217;s findings, and he further learned that a
certain James Hobbs, chief officer on the <i class="ship">Union</i> out of Calcutta,
had put to shore on an island located in latitude 8&deg; 18&#8242;
south and longitude 156&deg; 30&#8242; east, and had noted the natives
of those waterways making use of iron bars and red fabrics.</p></div>
<p>Pretty perplexed, Dumont d&#8217;Urville didn&#8217;t know if he should give
credence to these reports, which had been carried in some of
the less reliable newspapers; nevertheless, he decided to start
on Dillon&#8217;s trail.</p>
<p>On February 10, 1828, the new <i class="ship">Astrolabe</i> hove before Tikopia Island,
took on a guide and interpreter in the person of a deserter who had
settled there, plied a course toward Vanikoro, raised it on February 12,
sailed along its reefs until the 14th, and only on the 20th dropped
anchor inside its barrier in the harbor of Vana.</p>
<p>On the 23rd, several officers circled the island and brought back some
rubble of little importance.  The natives, adopting a system of denial
and evasion, refused to guide them to the site of the casualty.
This rather shady conduct aroused the suspicion that the natives
had mistreated the castaways; and in truth, the natives seemed afraid
that Dumont d&#8217;Urville had come to avenge the Count de La P&eacute;rouse
and his unfortunate companions.</p>
<p>But on the 26th, appeased with gifts and seeing that they didn&#8217;t
need to fear any reprisals, the natives led the chief officer,
Mr. Jacquinot, to the site of the shipwreck.</p>
<p>At this location, in three or four fathoms of water between the Paeu
and Vana reefs, there lay some anchors, cannons, and ingots
of iron and lead, all caked with limestone concretions.  A launch
and whaleboat from the new <i class="ship">Astrolabe</i> were steered to this locality,
and after going to exhausting lengths, their crews managed to dredge
up an anchor weighing 1,800 pounds, a cast&ndash;iron eight&ndash;pounder cannon,
a lead ingot, and two copper swivel guns.</p>
<p>Questioning the natives, Captain Dumont d&#8217;Urville also learned that
after La P&eacute;rouse&#8217;s two ships had miscarried on the island&#8217;s reefs,
the count had built a smaller craft, only to go off and miscarry
a second time.  Where?  Nobody knew.</p>
<p>The commander of the new <i class="ship">Astrolabe</i> then had a monument erected under a
tuft of mangrove, in memory of the famous navigator and his companions.
It was a simple quadrangular pyramid, set on a coral base,
with no ironwork to tempt the natives&#8217; avarice.</p>
<p>Then Dumont d&#8217;Urville tried to depart; but his crews were run down from
the fevers raging on these unsanitary shores, and quite ill himself,
he was unable to weigh anchor until March 17.</p>
<p>Meanwhile, fearing that Dumont d&#8217;Urville wasn&#8217;t abreast of
Dillon&#8217;s activities, the French government sent a sloop of war
to Vanikoro, the Bayonnaise under Commander Legoarant de Tromelin,
who had been stationed on the American west coast.  Dropping anchor
before Vanikoro a few months after the new <i class="ship">Astrolabe&#8217;s</i> departure,
the Bayonnaise didn&#8217;t find any additional evidence but verified
that the savages hadn&#8217;t disturbed the memorial honoring the Count
de La P&eacute;rouse.</p>
<p>This is the substance of the account I gave Captain Nemo.</p>
<p>&#8220;So,&#8221; he said to me, &#8220;the castaways built a third ship on Vanikoro Island,
and to this day, nobody knows where it went and perished?&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;Nobody knows.&#8221;</p>
<p>Captain Nemo didn&#8217;t reply but signaled me to follow him to the
main lounge.  The <i class="ship">Nautilus</i> sank a few meters beneath the waves,
and the panels opened.</p>
<p>I rushed to the window and saw crusts of coral:  fungus coral,
siphonula coral, alcyon coral, sea anemone from the genus <i lang="la">Caryophylia</i>,
plus myriads of charming fish including greenfish, damselfish,
sweepers, snappers, and squirrelfish; underneath this coral covering
I detected some rubble the old dredges hadn&#8217;t been able to tear free&mdash;iron stirrups, anchors, cannons, shells, tackle from a capstan,
a stempost, all objects hailing from the wrecked ships and now
carpeted in moving flowers.</p>
<p>And as I stared at this desolate wreckage, Captain Nemo told me
in a solemn voice:</p>
<p>&#8220;Commander La P&eacute;rouse set out on December 7, 1785, with his ships,
the <i class="ship">Compass</i> and the <i class="ship">Astrolabe</i>.  He dropped anchor first at Botany Bay,
visited the Tonga Islands and New Caledonia, headed toward
the Santa Cruz Islands, and put in at Nomuka, one of the islands
in the Ha&#8217;apai group.  Then his ships arrived at the unknown reefs
of Vanikoro.  Traveling in the lead, the <i class="ship">Compass</i> ran afoul of breakers
on the southerly coast.  The <i class="ship">Astrolabe</i> went to its rescue and also
ran aground.  The first ship was destroyed almost immediately.
The second, stranded to leeward, held up for some days.
The natives gave the castaways a fair enough welcome.
The latter took up residence on the island and built a smaller
craft with rubble from the two large ones.  A few seamen stayed
voluntarily in Vanikoro.  The others, weak and ailing, set sail
with the Count de La P&eacute;rouse. They headed to the Solomon Islands,
and they perished with all hands on the westerly coast of the chief
island in that group, between Cape Deception and Cape Satisfaction!&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;And how do you know all this?&#8221;  I exclaimed.</p>
<p>&#8220;Here&#8217;s what I found at the very site of that final shipwreck!&#8221;</p>
<p>Captain Nemo showed me a tin box, stamped with the coat of arms
of France and all corroded by salt water.  He opened it and I saw
a bundle of papers, yellowed but still legible.</p>
<p>They were the actual military orders given by France&#8217;s Minister
of the Navy to Commander La P&eacute;rouse, with notes along the margin
in the handwriting of King Louis XVI!</p>
<p>&#8220;Ah, what a splendid death for a seaman!&#8221;  Captain Nemo then said.
&#8220;A coral grave is a tranquil grave, and may Heaven grant that my
companions and I rest in no other!&#8221;</p>]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/jules-verne/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-57-of-165/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas - Day 56 of 165</title>
		<link>http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/jules-verne/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-56-of-165/</link>
		<comments>http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/jules-verne/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-56-of-165/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 25 Jun 2007 16:27:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>TurtleReader</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Jules Verne]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.turtlereader.com/news/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-56-of-165/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
This name was magic!  It was the name of those islets
where vessels under the Count de La P&#233;rouse had miscarried.
I straightened suddenly.
&#8220;The Nautilus is bringing us to Vanikoro?&#8221;  I asked.
&#8220;Yes, professor,&#8221; the captain replied.
&#8220;And I&#8217;ll be able to visit those famous islands where the Compass
and the Astrolabe came to grief?&#8221;
&#8220;If you like, professor.&#8221;
&#8220;When [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='lastday'>
<p>This name was magic!  It was the name of those islets
where vessels under the Count de La P&eacute;rouse had miscarried.
I straightened suddenly.</p>
<p>&#8220;The <i class="ship">Nautilus</i> is bringing us to Vanikoro?&#8221;  I asked.</p>
<p>&#8220;Yes, professor,&#8221; the captain replied.</p>
<p>&#8220;And I&#8217;ll be able to visit those famous islands where the <i class="ship">Compass</i>
and the <i class="ship">Astrolabe</i> came to grief?&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;If you like, professor.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;When will we reach Vanikoro?&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;We already have, professor.&#8221;</p>
<p>Followed by Captain Nemo, I climbed onto the platform, and from there
my eyes eagerly scanned the horizon.</p>
<p>In the northeast there emerged two volcanic islands of unequal size,
surrounded by a coral reef whose circuit measured forty miles.
We were facing the island of Vanikoro proper, to which
Captain Dumont d&#8217;Urville had given the name &#8220;Island of the Search&#8221;;
we lay right in front of the little harbor of Vana, located in latitude
16&deg; 4&#8242; south and longitude 164&deg; 32&#8242; east.  Its shores
seemed covered with greenery from its beaches to its summits inland,
crowned by Mt.  Kapogo, which is 476 fathoms high.</p></div>
<p>After clearing the outer belt of rocks via a narrow passageway,
the <i class="ship">Nautilus</i> lay inside the breakers where the sea had a depth of thirty
to forty fathoms.  Under the green shade of some tropical evergreens,
I spotted a few savages who looked extremely startled at our approach.
In this long, blackish object advancing flush with the water,
didn&#8217;t they see some fearsome cetacean that they were obliged
to view with distrust?</p>
<p>Just then Captain Nemo asked me what I knew about the shipwreck
of the Count de La P&eacute;rouse.</p>
<p>&#8220;What everybody knows, captain,&#8221; I answered him.</p>
<p>&#8220;And could you kindly tell me what everybody knows?&#8221; he asked me
in a gently ironic tone.</p>
<p>&#8220;Very easily.&#8221;</p>
<p>I related to him what the final deeds of Captain Dumont d&#8217;Urville
had brought to light, deeds described here in this heavily condensed
summary of the whole matter.</p>
<p>In 1785 the Count de La P&eacute;rouse and his subordinate, Captain de Langle,
were sent by King Louis XVI of France on a voyage to circumnavigate
the globe.  They boarded two sloops of war, the <i class="ship">Compass</i> and the <i class="ship">Astrolabe</i>,
which were never seen again.</p>
<p>In 1791, justly concerned about the fate of these two sloops
of war, the French government fitted out two large cargo boats,
the <i class="ship">Search</i> and the <i class="ship">Hope</i>, which left Brest on September 28 under
orders from Rear Admiral Bruni d&#8217;Entrecasteaux. Two months later,
testimony from a certain Commander Bowen, aboard the <i class="ship">Albemarle</i>,
alleged that rubble from shipwrecked vessels had been seen
on the coast of New Georgia.  But d&#8217;Entrecasteaux was unaware
of this news&mdash;which seemed a bit dubious anyhow&mdash;and headed toward
the Admiralty Islands, which had been named in a report by one
Captain Hunter as the site of the Count de La P&eacute;rouse&#8217;s shipwreck.</p>
<p>They looked in vain.  The <i class="ship">Hope</i> and the <i class="ship">Search</i> passed right
by Vanikoro without stopping there; and overall, this voyage
was plagued by misfortune, ultimately costing the lives of
Rear Admiral d&#8217;Entrecasteaux, two of his subordinate officers,
and several seamen from his crew.</p>
<p>It was an old hand at the Pacific, the English adventurer
Captain Peter Dillon, who was the first to pick up the trail left
by castaways from the wrecked vessels.  On May 15, 1824, his ship,
the <i class="ship">St. Patrick</i>, passed by Tikopia Island, one of the New Hebrides.
There a native boatman pulled alongside in a dugout canoe and sold
Dillon a silver sword hilt bearing the imprint of characters engraved
with a cutting tool known as a burin.  Furthermore, this native
boatman claimed that during a stay in Vanikoro six years earlier,
he had seen two Europeans belonging to ships that had run aground
on the island&#8217;s reefs many years before.</p>
<p>Dillon guessed that the ships at issue were those under the Count de
La P&eacute;rouse, ships whose disappearance had shaken the entire world.
He tried to reach Vanikoro, where, according to the native boatman,
a good deal of rubble from the shipwreck could still be found,
but winds and currents prevented his doing so.</p>
<p>Dillon returned to Calcutta.  There he was able to interest
the Asiatic Society and the East India Company in his discovery.
A ship named after the <i class="ship">Search</i> was placed at his disposal,
and he departed on January 23, 1827, accompanied by a French deputy.</p>
<p>This new <i class="ship">Search</i>, after putting in at several stops over the Pacific,
dropped anchor before Vanikoro on July 7, 1827, in the same harbor
of Vana where the <i class="ship">Nautilus</i> was currently floating.</p>
<p>There Dillon collected many relics of the shipwreck:
iron utensils, anchors, eyelets from pulleys, swivel guns,
an eighteen&ndash;pound shell, the remains of some astronomical instruments,
a piece of sternrail, and a bronze bell bearing the inscription
&#8220;Made by Bazin,&#8221; the foundry mark at Brest Arsenal around 1785.
There could no longer be any doubt.</p>
<p>Finishing his investigations, Dillon stayed at the site of
the casualty until the month of October.  Then he left Vanikoro,
headed toward New Zealand, dropped anchor at Calcutta on April 7,
1828, and returned to France, where he received a very cordial
welcome from King Charles X.</p>
<p>But just then the renowned French explorer Captain Dumont d&#8217;Urville,
unaware of Dillon&#8217;s activities, had already set sail to search
elsewhere for the site of the shipwreck.  In essence, a whaling
vessel had reported that some medals and a Cross of St. Louis
had been found in the hands of savages in the Louisiade Islands
and New Caledonia.</p>
<p>So Captain Dumont d&#8217;Urville had put to sea in command of a vessel
named after the <i class="ship">Astrolabe</i>, and just two months after Dillon had
left Vanikoro, Dumont d&#8217;Urville dropped anchor before Hobart.  There he
heard about Dillon&#8217;s findings, and he further learned that a
certain James Hobbs, chief officer on the <i class="ship">Union</i> out of Calcutta,
had put to shore on an island located in latitude 8&deg; 18&#8242;
south and longitude 156&deg; 30&#8242; east, and had noted the natives
of those waterways making use of iron bars and red fabrics.</p>]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/jules-verne/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-56-of-165/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas - Day 55 of 165</title>
		<link>http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/jules-verne/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-55-of-165/</link>
		<comments>http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/jules-verne/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-55-of-165/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 25 Jun 2007 16:27:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>TurtleReader</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Jules Verne]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.turtlereader.com/news/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-55-of-165/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Near evening Reao Island melted into the distance, and the Nautilus
noticeably changed course.  After touching the Tropic of Capricorn
at longitude 135&#176;, it headed west&#8211;northwest, going back up
the whole intertropical zone.  Although the summer sun lavished
its rays on us, we never suffered from the heat, because thirty
or forty meters underwater, the temperature didn&#8217;t go [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='lastday'>
<p>Near evening Reao Island melted into the distance, and the <i class="ship">Nautilus</i>
noticeably changed course.  After touching the Tropic of Capricorn
at longitude 135&deg;, it headed west&ndash;northwest, going back up
the whole intertropical zone.  Although the summer sun lavished
its rays on us, we never suffered from the heat, because thirty
or forty meters underwater, the temperature didn&#8217;t go over 10&deg; to 12&deg; centigrade.</p></div>
<p>By December 15 we had left the alluring Society Islands in the west,
likewise elegant Tahiti, queen of the Pacific.  In the morning
I spotted this island&#8217;s lofty summits a few miles to leeward.
Its waters supplied excellent fish for the tables on board:
mackerel, bonito, albacore, and a few varieties of that sea serpent
named the moray eel.</p>
<p>The <i class="ship">Nautilus</i> had cleared 8,100 miles.  We logged 9,720 miles
when we passed between the Tonga Islands, where crews from
the Argo, Port&ndash;au&ndash;Prince, and Duke of Portland had perished,
and the island group of Samoa, scene of the slaying of Captain
de Langle, friend of that long&ndash;lost navigator, the Count de
La P&eacute;rouse. Then we raised the Fiji Islands, where savages
slaughtered sailors from the <i class="ship">Union</i>, as well as Captain Bureau,
commander of the <i class="ship">Darling Josephine</i> out of Nantes, France.</p>
<p>Extending over an expanse of 100 leagues north to south, and over 90
leagues east to west, this island group lies between latitude 2&deg; and 6&deg; south, and between longitude 174&deg; and 179&deg; west.  It consists of a number of islands, islets, and reefs,
among which we noted the islands of Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, and Kadavu.</p>
<p>It was the Dutch navigator Tasman who discovered this group in 1643,
the same year the Italian physicist Torricelli invented the barometer
and King Louis XIV ascended the French throne.  I&#8217;ll let the reader
decide which of these deeds was more beneficial to humanity.
Coming later, Captain Cook in 1774, Rear Admiral d&#8217;Entrecasteaux in 1793,
and finally Captain Dumont d&#8217;Urville in 1827, untangled the whole
chaotic geography of this island group.  The <i class="ship">Nautilus</i> drew near
Wailea Bay, an unlucky place for England&#8217;s Captain Dillon, who was
the first to shed light on the longstanding mystery surrounding
the disappearance of ships under the Count de La P&eacute;rouse.</p>
<p>This bay, repeatedly dredged, furnished a huge supply of
excellent oysters.  As the Roman playwright Seneca recommended,
we opened them right at our table, then stuffed ourselves.
These mollusks belonged to the species known by name as <i lang="la">Ostrea lamellosa</i>,
whose members are quite common off Corsica.  This Wailea oysterbank
must have been extensive, and for certain, if they hadn&#8217;t been
controlled by numerous natural checks, these clusters of shellfish
would have ended up jam&ndash;packing the bay, since as many as 2,000,000
eggs have been counted in a single individual.</p>
<p>And if Mr. Ned Land did not repent of his gluttony at our oyster fest,
it&#8217;s because oysters are the only dish that never causes indigestion.
In fact, it takes no less than sixteen dozen of these headless
mollusks to supply the 315 grams that satisfy one man&#8217;s minimum
daily requirement for nitrogen.</p>
<p>On December 25 the <i class="ship">Nautilus</i> navigated amid the island group
of the New Hebrides, which the Portuguese seafarer Queir&oacute;s
discovered in 1606, which Commander Bougainville explored in 1768,
and to which Captain Cook gave its current name in 1773.
This group is chiefly made up of nine large islands and forms a
120&ndash;league strip from the north&ndash;northwest to the south&ndash;southeast, lying
between latitude 2&deg; and 15&deg; south, and between longitude
164&deg; and 168&deg;. At the moment of our noon sights,
we passed fairly close to the island of Aurou, which looked to me
like a mass of green woods crowned by a peak of great height.</p>
<p>That day it was yuletide, and it struck me that Ned Land badly
missed celebrating &#8220;Christmas,&#8221; that genuine family holiday where
Protestants are such zealots.</p>
<p>I hadn&#8217;t seen Captain Nemo for over a week, when, on the morning
of the 27th, he entered the main lounge, as usual acting as if he&#8217;d
been gone for just five minutes.  I was busy tracing the <i class="ship">Nautilus&#8217;s</i>
course on the world map.  The captain approached, placed a finger
over a position on the chart, and pronounced just one word:</p>
<p>&#8220;Vanikoro.&#8221;</p>
<p>This name was magic!  It was the name of those islets
where vessels under the Count de La P&eacute;rouse had miscarried.
I straightened suddenly.</p>
<p>&#8220;The <i class="ship">Nautilus</i> is bringing us to Vanikoro?&#8221;  I asked.</p>
<p>&#8220;Yes, professor,&#8221; the captain replied.</p>
<p>&#8220;And I&#8217;ll be able to visit those famous islands where the <i class="ship">Compass</i>
and the <i class="ship">Astrolabe</i> came to grief?&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;If you like, professor.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;When will we reach Vanikoro?&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;We already have, professor.&#8221;</p>
<p>Followed by Captain Nemo, I climbed onto the platform, and from there
my eyes eagerly scanned the horizon.</p>
<p>In the northeast there emerged two volcanic islands of unequal size,
surrounded by a coral reef whose circuit measured forty miles.
We were facing the island of Vanikoro proper, to which
Captain Dumont d&#8217;Urville had given the name &#8220;Island of the Search&#8221;;
we lay right in front of the little harbor of Vana, located in latitude
16&deg; 4&#8242; south and longitude 164&deg; 32&#8242; east.  Its shores
seemed covered with greenery from its beaches to its summits inland,
crowned by Mt.  Kapogo, which is 476 fathoms high.</p>]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/jules-verne/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-55-of-165/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas - Day 54 of 165</title>
		<link>http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/jules-verne/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-54-of-165/</link>
		<comments>http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/jules-verne/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-54-of-165/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 25 Jun 2007 16:27:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>TurtleReader</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Jules Verne]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.turtlereader.com/news/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-54-of-165/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Chapter 19: Vanikoro
This dreadful sight was the first of a whole series of maritime
catastrophes that the Nautilus would encounter on its run.
When it plied more heavily traveled seas, we often saw wrecked hulls
rotting in midwater, and farther down, cannons, shells, anchors, chains,
and a thousand other iron objects rusting away.
Meanwhile, continuously swept along by the Nautilus, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h3>Chapter 19: Vanikoro</h3>
<p>This dreadful sight was the first of a whole series of maritime
catastrophes that the <i class="ship">Nautilus</i> would encounter on its run.
When it plied more heavily traveled seas, we often saw wrecked hulls
rotting in midwater, and farther down, cannons, shells, anchors, chains,
and a thousand other iron objects rusting away.</p>
<p>Meanwhile, continuously swept along by the <i class="ship">Nautilus</i>, where we lived
in near isolation, we raised the Tuamotu Islands on December 11,
that old &#8220;dangerous group&#8221; associated with the French global
navigator Commander Bougainville; it stretches from Ducie Island
to Lazareff Island over an area of 500 leagues from the east&ndash;southeast
to the west&ndash;northwest, between latitude 13&deg; 30&#8242;
and 23&deg; 50&#8242; south, and between longitude 125&deg; 30&#8242;
and 151&deg; 30&#8242; west.  This island group covers a surface area
of 370 square leagues, and it&#8217;s made up of some sixty subgroups,
among which we noted the Gambier group, which is a French protectorate.
These islands are coral formations.  Thanks to the work of polyps, a slow
but steady upheaval will someday connect these islands to each other.
Later on, this new island will be fused to its neighboring island groups,
and a fifth continent will stretch from New Zealand and New Caledonia
as far as the Marquesas Islands.</p>
<p>The day I expounded this theory to Captain Nemo, he answered me coldly:</p>
<p>&#8220;The earth doesn&#8217;t need new continents, but new men!&#8221;</p>
<p>Sailors&#8217; luck led the <i class="ship">Nautilus</i> straight to Reao Island, one of the most
unusual in this group, which was discovered in 1822 by Captain Bell
aboard the Minerva.  So I was able to study the madreporic process
that has created the islands in this ocean.</p>
<p><i lang="la">Madrepores</i>, which one must guard against confusing with precious coral,
clothe their tissue in a limestone crust, and their variations in
structure have led my famous mentor Professor Milne&ndash;Edwards to classify
them into five divisions.  The tiny microscopic animals that secrete
this polypary live by the billions in the depths of their cells.
Their limestone deposits build up into rocks, reefs, islets, islands.
In some places, they form atolls, a circular ring surrounding
a lagoon or small inner lake that gaps place in contact with
the sea.  Elsewhere, they take the shape of barrier reefs,
such as those that exist along the coasts of New Caledonia
and several of the Tuamotu Islands.  In still other localities,
such as R&eacute;union Island and the island of Mauritius, they build
fringing reefs, high, straight walls next to which the ocean&#8217;s
depth is considerable.</p>
<p>While cruising along only a few cable lengths from the underpinning
of Reao Island, I marveled at the gigantic piece of work accomplished
by these microscopic laborers.  These walls were the express
achievements of <i lang="la">madrepores</i> known by the names fire coral,
finger coral, star coral, and stony coral.  These polyps grow
exclusively in the agitated strata at the surface of the sea,
and so it&#8217;s in the upper reaches that they begin these substructures,
which sink little by little together with the secreted rubble
binding them.  This, at least, is the theory of Mr. Charles Darwin,
who thus explains the formation of atolls&mdash;a theory superior,
in my view, to the one that says these madreporic edifices sit
on the summits of mountains or volcanoes submerged a few feet
below sea level.</p>
<p>I could observe these strange walls quite closely:  our sounding lines
indicated that they dropped perpendicularly for more than 300 meters,
and our electric beams made the bright limestone positively sparkle.</p>
<p>In reply to a question Conseil asked me about the growth rate
of these colossal barriers, I thoroughly amazed him by saying
that scientists put it at an eighth of an inch per biennium.</p>
<p>&#8220;Therefore,&#8221; he said to me, &#8220;to build these walls, it took . . . ?&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;192,000 years, my gallant Conseil, which significantly extends
the biblical Days of Creation.  What&#8217;s more, the formation of coal&mdash;in other words, the petrification of forests swallowed by floods&mdash;and the cooling of basaltic rocks likewise call for a much longer
period of time.  I might add that those &#8216;days&#8217; in the Bible
must represent whole epochs and not literally the lapse of time
between two sunrises, because according to the Bible itself,
the sun doesn&#8217;t date from the first day of Creation.&#8221;</p>
<p>When the <i class="ship">Nautilus</i> returned to the surface of the ocean, I could take
in Reao Island over its whole flat, wooded expanse.  Obviously its
madreporic rocks had been made fertile by tornadoes and thunderstorms.
One day, carried off by a hurricane from neighboring shores,
some seed fell onto these limestone beds, mixing with decomposed
particles of fish and marine plants to form vegetable humus.
Propelled by the waves, a coconut arrived on this new coast.
Its germ took root.  Its tree grew tall, catching steam off the water.
A brook was born.  Little by little, vegetation spread.
Tiny animals&mdash;worms, insects&mdash;rode ashore on tree trunks snatched
from islands to windward.  Turtles came to lay their eggs.
Birds nested in the young trees.  In this way animal life developed,
and drawn by the greenery and fertile soil, man appeared.
And that&#8217;s how these islands were formed, the immense achievement
of microscopic animals.</p>
<p>Near evening Reao Island melted into the distance, and the <i class="ship">Nautilus</i>
noticeably changed course.  After touching the Tropic of Capricorn
at longitude 135&deg;, it headed west&ndash;northwest, going back up
the whole intertropical zone.  Although the summer sun lavished
its rays on us, we never suffered from the heat, because thirty
or forty meters underwater, the temperature didn&#8217;t go over 10&deg; to 12&deg; centigrade.</p>]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/jules-verne/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-54-of-165/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas - Day 53 of 165</title>
		<link>http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/jules-verne/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-53-of-165/</link>
		<comments>http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/jules-verne/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-53-of-165/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 25 Jun 2007 16:27:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>TurtleReader</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Jules Verne]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.turtlereader.com/news/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-53-of-165/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Almost every day the panels in the lounge were open for some hours,
and our eyes never tired of probing the mysteries of the underwater world.
The Nautilus&#8217;s general heading was southeast, and it stayed at a depth
between 100 and 150 meters.  However, from Lord&#8211;knows&#8211;what whim,
one day it did a diagonal dive by means of its [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='lastday'>
<p>Almost every day the panels in the lounge were open for some hours,
and our eyes never tired of probing the mysteries of the underwater world.</p>
<p>The <i class="ship">Nautilus&#8217;s</i> general heading was southeast, and it stayed at a depth
between 100 and 150 meters.  However, from Lord&ndash;knows&ndash;what whim,
one day it did a diagonal dive by means of its slanting fins,
reaching strata located 2,000 meters underwater.  The thermometer
indicated a temperature of 4.25&deg; centigrade, which at this
depth seemed to be a temperature common to all latitudes.</p></div>
<p>On November 26, at three o&#8217;clock in the morning, the <i class="ship">Nautilus</i>
cleared the Tropic of Cancer at longitude 172&deg;.  On the 27th
it passed in sight of the Hawaiian Islands, where the famous
Captain Cook met his death on February 14, 1779.  By then we
had fared 4,860 leagues from our starting point.  When I arrived
on the platform that morning, I saw the Island of Hawaii two miles
to leeward, the largest of the seven islands making up this group.
I could clearly distinguish the tilled soil on its outskirts,
the various mountain chains running parallel with its coastline,
and its volcanoes, crowned by Mauna Kea, whose elevation is 5,000
meters above sea level.  Among other specimens from these waterways,
our nets brought up some peacock&ndash;tailed flabellarian coral,
polyps flattened into stylish shapes and unique to this part
of the ocean.</p>
<p>The <i class="ship">Nautilus</i> kept to its southeasterly heading.  On December 1
it cut the equator at longitude 142&deg;, and on the 4th
of the same month, after a quick crossing marked by no incident,
we raised the Marquesas Islands.  Three miles off, in latitude 8&deg; 57&#8242; south and longitude 139&deg; 32&#8242; west, I spotted
Martin Point on Nuku Hiva, chief member of this island group
that belongs to France.  I could make out only its wooded mountains
on the horizon, because Captain Nemo hated to hug shore.
There our nets brought up some fine fish samples:  dolphinfish with
azure fins, gold tails, and flesh that&#8217;s unrivaled in the entire world,
wrasse from the genus <i lang="la">Hologymnosus</i> that were nearly denuded
of scales but exquisite in flavor, knifejaws with bony beaks,
yellowish albacore that were as tasty as bonito, all fish worth
classifying in the ship&#8217;s pantry.</p>
<p>After leaving these delightful islands to the protection of the French
flag, the <i class="ship">Nautilus</i> covered about 2,000 miles from December 4 to the 11th.
Its navigating was marked by an encounter with an immense school
of squid, unusual mollusks that are near neighbors of the cuttlefish.
French fishermen give them the name &#8220;cuckoldfish,&#8221; and they
belong to the class <i lang="la">Cephalopoda</i>, family <i lang="la">Dibranchiata</i>,
consisting of themselves together with cuttlefish and argonauts.
The naturalists of antiquity made a special study of them,
and these animals furnished many ribald figures of speech for soapbox
orators in the Greek marketplace, as well as excellent dishes
for the tables of rich citizens, if we&#8217;re to believe Athen&aelig;us,
a Greek physician predating Galen.</p>
<p>It was during the night of December 9&ndash;10 that the <i class="ship">Nautilus</i> encountered
this army of distinctly nocturnal mollusks.  They numbered in
the millions.  They were migrating from the temperate zones toward
zones still warmer, following the itineraries of herring and sardines.
We stared at them through our thick glass windows:  they swam backward
with tremendous speed, moving by means of their locomotive tubes,
chasing fish and mollusks, eating the little ones, eaten by the big ones,
and tossing in indescribable confusion the ten feet that nature
has rooted in their heads like a hairpiece of pneumatic snakes.
Despite its speed, the <i class="ship">Nautilus</i> navigated for several hours
in the midst of this school of animals, and its nets brought up
an incalculable number, among which I recognized all nine species
that Professor Orbigny has classified as native to the Pacific Ocean.</p>
<p>During this crossing, the sea continually lavished us
with the most marvelous sights.  Its variety was infinite.
It changed its setting and decor for the mere pleasure of our eyes,
and we were called upon not simply to contemplate the works of our
Creator in the midst of the liquid element, but also to probe
the ocean&#8217;s most daunting mysteries.</p>
<p>During the day of December 11, I was busy reading in the main lounge.
Ned Land and Conseil were observing the luminous waters
through the gaping panels.  The <i class="ship">Nautilus</i> was motionless.
Its ballast tanks full, it was sitting at a depth of 1,000 meters
in a comparatively unpopulated region of the ocean where only larger
fish put in occasional appearances.</p>
<p>Just then I was studying a delightful book by Jean Mac&eacute;, <i>The Servants
of the Stomach</i>, and savoring its ingenious teachings, when Conseil
interrupted my reading.</p>
<p>&#8220;Would master kindly come here for an instant?&#8221; he said to me
in an odd voice.</p>
<p>&#8220;What is it, Conseil?&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;It&#8217;s something that master should see.&#8221;</p>
<p>I stood up, went, leaned on my elbows before the window, and I saw it.</p>
<p>In the broad electric daylight, an enormous black mass, quite motionless,
hung suspended in the midst of the waters.  I observed it carefully,
trying to find out the nature of this gigantic cetacean.
Then a sudden thought crossed my mind.</p>
<p>&#8220;A ship!&#8221;  I exclaimed.</p>
<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; the Canadian replied, &#8220;a disabled craft that&#8217;s
sinking straight down!&#8221;</p>
<p>Ned Land was not mistaken.  We were in the presence of a ship whose
severed shrouds still hung from their clasps.  Its hull looked in
good condition, and it must have gone under only a few hours before.
The stumps of three masts, chopped off two feet above the deck,
indicated a flooding ship that had been forced to sacrifice its masting.
But it had heeled sideways, filling completely, and it was listing
to port even yet.  A sorry sight, this carcass lost under the waves,
but sorrier still was the sight on its deck, where, lashed with ropes
to prevent their being washed overboard, some human corpses still lay!
I counted four of them&mdash;four men, one still standing at the helm&mdash;then a woman, halfway out of a skylight on the afterdeck,
holding a child in her arms.  This woman was young.
Under the brilliant lighting of the <i class="ship">Nautilus&#8217;s</i> rays, I could
make out her features, which the water hadn&#8217;t yet decomposed.
With a supreme effort, she had lifted her child above her head,
and the poor little creature&#8217;s arms were still twined around its
mother&#8217;s neck!  The postures of the four seamen seemed ghastly to me,
twisted from convulsive movements, as if making a last effort
to break loose from the ropes that bound them to their ship.
And the helmsman, standing alone, calmer, his face smooth and serious,
his grizzled hair plastered to his brow, his hands clutching the wheel,
seemed even yet to be guiding his wrecked three&ndash;master through
the ocean depths!</p>
<p>What a scene!  We stood dumbstruck, hearts pounding, before this
shipwreck caught in the act, as if it had been photographed in its
final moments, so to speak!  And already I could see enormous sharks
moving in, eyes ablaze, drawn by the lure of human flesh!</p>
<p>Meanwhile, turning, the <i class="ship">Nautilus</i> made a circle around the sinking ship,
and for an instant I could read the board on its stern:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The Florida<br />
Sunderland, England</p>
</blockquote>]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/jules-verne/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas-day-53-of-165/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Classic Horror and Lawrence of Arabia</title>
		<link>http://www.turtlereader.com/news/classic-horror-and-lawrence-of-arabia/</link>
		<comments>http://www.turtlereader.com/news/classic-horror-and-lawrence-of-arabia/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Sep 2008 00:08:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ScottS-M</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[arabia]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Dracula]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Frankenstein]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[horror]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[lawrence]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[monster]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[vampire]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.turtlereader.com/?p=8002</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Bram Stoker&#8217;s Dracula and Mary Shelley&#8217;s Frankenstein. Getting in the Halloween spirit a bit early I guess. Coincidentally both stories start written in the form of correspondence. (Also in the Halloween vein don&#8217;t forget Lovecraft&#8217;s Cthulu stories)
T. E. Lawrence&#8217;s Seven Pillars of Wisdom. I just watched the movie Lawrence of Arabia and enjoyed it so [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<ul>
<li>Bram Stoker&#8217;s <a href="http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/bram-stoker/dracula-day-1-of-140/">Dracula</a> and Mary Shelley&#8217;s <a href="http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/mary-shelley/frankenstein-day-1-of-67/">Frankenstein</a>. Getting in the Halloween spirit a bit early I guess. Coincidentally both stories start written in the form of correspondence. (Also in the Halloween vein don&#8217;t forget <a href="http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/h-p-lovecraft/collected-stories-part-1-day-1-of-277/">Lovecraft</a>&#8217;s <a href="http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/h-p-lovecraft/collected-stories-part-2-day-1-of-274/">Cthulu</a> stories)</li>
<li>T. E. Lawrence&#8217;s <a href="http://www.turtlereader.com/authors/te-lawrence/seven-pillars-of-wisdom-day-1-of-240/">Seven Pillars of Wisdom</a>. I just watched the movie Lawrence of Arabia and enjoyed it so I was interested when I heard it was based on an autobiography. Hopefully it&#8217;s interesting. The dedication certainly is mysterious.</li>
</ul>]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.turtlereader.com/news/classic-horror-and-lawrence-of-arabia/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
